Integrated circuit devices including a through-silicon via structure and methods of fabricating the same

ABSTRACT

Integrated circuit (IC) devices are provided including: a first multi-layer wiring structure including a plurality of first wiring layers in a first region of a substrate at different levels and spaced apart from one another, and a plurality of first contact plugs between the plurality of first wiring layers and connected to the plurality of first wiring layers; a through-silicon via (TSV) landing pad including a first pad layer in a second region of the substrate at a same level as that of at least one first wiring layer from among the plurality of first wiring layers, and a second pad layer at a same level as that of at least one first contact plug from among the plurality of first contact plugs and contacts the first pad layer; a second multi-layer wiring structure on the TSV landing pad; and a TSV structure that passes through the substrate and is connected to the second multi-layer wiring structure through the TSV landing pad.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No.10-2013-0122956, filed Oct. 15, 2013, in the Korean IntellectualProperty Office, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated hereinby reference as if set forth in its entirety.

FIELD

The inventive concept relates generally to integrated circuit (IC)devices and methods of manufacturing the same and, more particularly, toIC devices including a through-silicon via (TSV) structure and methodsof manufacturing the same.

BACKGROUND

As a three-dimensional (3D) package configured such that a plurality ofsemiconductor chips are mounted on one semiconductor package has beenactively developed, a through-silicon via (TSV) that is a verticalelectrical connection passing through a substrate or a die has beenconsidered very important. There is a demand for a technology forforming a device having stable operation and high reliability in a TSVstructure in order to improve the performance and reliability of a 3Dpackage.

SUMMARY

Some embodiments of the present inventive concept provide integratedcircuit (IC) devices including: a first multi-layer wiring structureincluding a plurality of first wiring layers in a first region of asubstrate at different levels and spaced apart from one another, and aplurality of first contact plugs between the plurality of first wiringlayers and connected to the plurality of first wiring layers; athrough-silicon via (TSV) landing pad including a first pad layer in asecond region of the substrate at a same level as that of at least onefirst wiring layer from among the plurality of first wiring layers, anda second pad layer at a same level as that of at least one first contactplug from among the plurality of first contact plugs and contacts thefirst pad layer; a second multi-layer wiring structure on the TSVlanding pad; and a TSV structure that passes through the substrate andis connected to the second multi-layer wiring structure through the TSVlanding pad.

In further embodiments, a width of the second pad layer in a directionparallel to a main surface extension direction of the substrate may begreater than a width of the at least one first contact plug.

In still further embodiments, a width of the first pad layer and a widthof the second pad layer in a direction parallel to a main surfaceextension direction of the substrate may be different from each other.

In some embodiments, each of the first pad layer and the second padlayer may include a metal layer, and a conductive barrier film thatsurrounds at least a part of the metal layer. The TSV landing pad mayfurther include a third pad layer that is connected to the second padlayer to vertically overlap with the first pad layer and is formed at asame level as that of any one first wiring layer from among theplurality of first wiring layers.

In further embodiments, a width of the third pad layer in a directionparallel to a main surface extension direction of the substrate may beless than a width of the second pad layer. The third pad layer mayinclude a metal layer, and a conductive barrier film that surrounds atleast a part of the metal layer.

In still further embodiments, the IC device may further include aninsulating film in the second region between the substrate and the TSVlanding pad, wherein the TSV structure passes through the substrate andthe insulating film and is connected to the TSV landing pad.

In some embodiments, the TSV landing pad may extend in the second regionof the substrate in a first area, wherein the TSV structure is connectedin the second region of the substrate to the TSV landing pad in a secondarea that is included in the first area.

In further embodiments, the TSV structure may have a top surface thatcontacts the TSV landing pad, wherein only a portion of the top surfacecontacts the TSV landing pad.

In still further embodiments, at least a portion of the TSV landing padmay have a mesh pattern. At least a portion of the TSV landing pad mayhave a plurality of patterns that are spaced apart from one another.

In some embodiments, the second multi-layer wiring structure mayinclude: a plurality of second wiring layers at different levels and arespaced apart from one another; and a plurality of second contact plugsconnected from any one second wiring layer from among the plurality ofsecond wiring layers to the TSV landing pad and are spaced apart fromone another.

Further embodiments of the present inventive concept provide anintegrated circuit (IC) device including: a substrate including a memorycell array region and a through-silicon via (TSV) region; a multi-layerwiring structure on the substrate in the memory cell array region; a TSVlanding pad that has a multi-layer structure and is on the substrate inthe TSV region; and a TSV structure that passes through the substrate inthe TSV region and is connected to the TSV landing pad, wherein themulti-layer wiring structure includes a plurality of first wiring layersthat are spaced apart from one another to vertically overlap with oneanother, and a plurality of contact plugs that are disposed between theplurality of first wiring layers and connect the plurality of firstwiring layers, and wherein the TSV landing pad includes a first padlayer that is formed on the substrate at a same level as that of atleast one wiring layer from among the plurality of wiring layers, and asecond pad layer that is formed at a same level as that of at least onecontact plug from among the plurality of contact plugs and contacts thefirst pad layer.

In still further embodiments, each of the first pad layer and the secondpad layer may have a width that is greater than a width of the TSVstructure in a direction parallel to a main surface extension directionof the substrate.

Some embodiments of the present inventive concept methods of fabricatingintegrated circuits (ICs), the method including: simultaneously forminga first wiring layer on a substrate in a first region, and a first padlayer that is a first portion of a through-silicon via (TSV) landing padon the substrate in a second region; simultaneously forming a firstcontact plug on the substrate in the first region at a level differentfrom that of the first wiring layer, and a second pad layer that is asecond portion of the TSV landing pad and is connected on the first padlayer to the first pad layer; and forming a TSV structure that passesthrough the substrate in the second region and is connected to the TSVlanding pad.

In further embodiments, in a direction parallel to a main surfaceextension surface of the substrate, a width of the first contact plugmay be less than a width of the first wiring layer, and a width of thesecond pad layer is greater than a width of the first contact plug.

In still further embodiments, the first pad layer and the second padlayer may have different widths in a direction parallel to a mainsurface extension direction of the substrate.

In some embodiments, the method may further include simultaneouslyforming a second wiring layer that is disposed on the substrate in thefirst region at a level different from those of the first wiring layerand the first contact plug, and a third pad layer that is a thirdportion of the TSV landing pad, wherein the third pad layer is connectedto the second pad layer on the second pad layer.

In further embodiments, the first pad layer, the second pad layer, andthe third pad layer may be formed to have widths that increase towardthe substrate in a direction parallel to a main surface extensiondirection of the substrate.

In still further embodiments, the simultaneous forming of the firstwiring layer and the first pad layer may include: forming on thesubstrate an insulating pattern that has a first hole formed in thefirst region and a second hole formed in the second region; forming afirst conductive layer that includes a first buried portion that isdisposed in the first hole, and a second buried portion that is disposedin the second hole; and forming the first wiring layer that is formed ofthe first buried portion of the first conductive layer, and the firstpad layer that is formed of the second buried portion of the firstconductive layer.

In some embodiments, the first contact plug may be formed to contact thefirst wiring layer.

In further embodiments, forming of the TSV structure may include:forming a via hole through which the first pad layer is exposed byetching a part of the substrate; and forming the TSV structure that isconnected to the first pad layer in the via hole.

Still further embodiments of the present inventive concept provide amethod of fabricating an integrated circuit (IC) device, the methodincluding: forming in a first region of a substrate a multi-layer wiringstructure that includes a plurality of wiring layers, and a plurality ofcontact plugs for connecting the plurality of wiring layers; forming athrough-silicon via (TSV) landing pad having a multi-layer structurethat is formed in a second region of the substrate at a same level asthose of at least two layers from among the plurality of wiring layersand the plurality of contact plugs that have different distances fromthe substrate, and is formed of a same material as that of the at leasttwo layers; and forming a TSV structure that passes through thesubstrate in the second region and is connected to the TSV landing pad.

In some embodiments, at least a part of the TSV landing pad may beformed to have a mesh pattern or a plurality of patterns that are spacedapart from one another.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept will be more clearlyunderstood from the following detailed description taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating an integrated circuit (IC) deviceaccording to some embodiments of the inventive concept.

FIG. 2A is a cross-section of the IC device according to someembodiments of the inventive concept.

FIG. 2B is a plan view illustrating a through-silicon via (TSV) landingpad of the IC device of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 2C is an enlarged cross-section of the TSV landing pad of the ICdevice of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3A is a cross-section of the IC device according to someembodiments of the inventive concept.

FIG. 3B is a plan view illustrating a TSV landing pad of the IC deviceof FIG. 3A.

FIGS. 4A through 4D are plan views illustrating landing pad layers thatmay be used as a TSV landing pad of an IC device according to someembodiments of the inventive concept.

FIG. 5A is a cross-section of the IC device according to someembodiments of the inventive concept.

FIG. 5B is a cross-section of the IC device according to someembodiments of the inventive concept.

FIGS. 6A through 6L are cross-sections illustrating processing steps inthe fabrication of an IC device according to some embodiments of theinventive concept.

FIG. 7 is a cross-section illustrating portions of an IC deviceaccording to some embodiments of the inventive concept.

FIG. 8 is a plan view illustrating portions of an IC device according tosome embodiments of the inventive concept.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating portions of an IC deviceaccording to some embodiments of the inventive concept.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Advantages and features of the present inventive concept and methods ofaccomplishing the same may be understood more readily by reference tothe following detailed description of embodiments and the accompanyingdrawings. The present inventive concept may, however, be embodied inmany different forms and should not be construed as being limited to theembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully conveythe concept of the inventive concept to those skilled in the art, andthe present inventive concept will only be defined by the appendedclaims. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions areexaggerated for clarity.

It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to asbeing “on” or “connected to” another element or layer, it can bedirectly on or connected to the other element or layer or interveningelements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element isreferred to as being “directly on” or “directly connected to” anotherelement or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present.Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. As used herein, the term“and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of theassociated listed items.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,”“upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description todescribe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) orfeature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that thespatially relative terms are intended to encompass differentorientations of the device in use or operation in addition to theorientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in thefigures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” otherelements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elementsor features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both anorientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented(rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relativedescriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the inventive concept (especially in the contextof the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singularand the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearlycontradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,”and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning“including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. maybe used herein to describe various elements, these elements should notbe limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish oneelement from another element. Thus, for example, a first element, afirst component or a first section discussed below could be termed asecond element, a second component or a second section without departingfrom the teachings of the present inventive concept.

The present inventive concept will be described with reference toperspective views, cross sections, and/or plan views, in whichembodiments of the inventive concept are shown. Thus, the profile of anexemplary view may be modified according to manufacturing techniquesand/or allowances. That is, the embodiments of the inventive concept arenot intended to limit the scope of the present inventive concept butcover all changes and modifications that can be caused due to a changein manufacturing process. Thus, regions shown in the drawings areillustrated in schematic form and the shapes of the regions arepresented simply by way of illustration and not as a limitation.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which this inventive concept belongs. It is noted that theuse of any and all examples, or exemplary terms provided herein isintended merely to better illuminate the inventive concept and is not alimitation on the scope of the inventive concept unless otherwisespecified. Further, unless defined otherwise, all terms defined ingenerally used dictionaries may not be overly interpreted.

When a certain embodiment may be implemented differently, a specificprocess order may be performed differently from the described order. Forexample, two consecutively described processes may be performedsubstantially at the same time or performed in an order opposite to thedescribed order.

As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result,for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to beexpected. Thus, the exemplary embodiments should not be construed aslimited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but maybe to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, frommanufacturing.

Referring first to FIG. 1, a plan view illustrating an integratedcircuit (IC) device 10 according to some embodiments of the inventiveconcept will be discussed. As illustrated in FIG. 1, a memory chip 12 ofthe IC device 10 includes a plurality of memory blocks 14. A pluralityof memory cells is disposed on the plurality of memory blocks 14. Aplurality of word lines, a plurality of bit lines, and a sense amplifiermay be disposed in various ways on the plurality of memory blocks 14. Aplurality of column decoders 16, a plurality of row decoders 18, and athrough-silicon via (TSV) region 20 are disposed around the plurality ofmemory blocks 14. The plurality of column decoders 16 may receiveaddresses, may decode the addresses, and may select column lines of thememory blocks 14. The plurality of row decoders 18 may receiveaddresses, may decode the addresses, and may output row addresses forselecting row lines of the memory blocks 14. The memory chip 12 mayfurther include a write driver, an input/output sense amplifier, and aninput/output buffer. The input/output buffer of the memory chip 12 mayreceive a signal from the outside through a TSV structure 30, or maytransmit a signal to the outside through the TSV structure 30.

The TSV region 20 may be located at a substantially central portion ofthe memory chip 12. A plurality of the TSV structures 30 may be disposedin the TSV region 20.

Referring to FIG. 2A, a cross-section of the IC device 100 according tosome embodiments of the inventive concept with be discussed. Asillustrated in FIG. 2A, a substrate 110 of the IC device 100 includes amemory cell array region (hereinafter, referred to as an “MC region”)whose pattern density is relatively high, and a TSV region whose patterndensity is lower than that of the MC region.

The MC region of FIG. 2A may correspond to some elements of theplurality of memory blocks 14 of FIG. 1. The TSV region of FIG. 2A maycorrespond to some elements of the TSV region 20 of FIG. 1.

In some embodiments, the substrate 110 is a semiconductor wafer. In someembodiments, the substrate 110 includes silicon (Si). The substrate 110may also include a semiconductor element such as germanium (Ge), or acompound semiconductor such as silicon carbide (SiC), gallium arsenide(GaAs), indium arsenide (InAs), or indium phosphide (InP) withoutdeparting from the scope of the present inventive concept. In someembodiments, the substrate 110 may have a silicon on insulator (SOI)structure. For example, the substrate 110 may include a buried oxide(BOX) layer. In some embodiments, the substrate 110 may include aconductive region, for example, a region well doped with impurities or astructure doped with impurities. Furthermore, the substrate 110 may haveany of various device isolation structures such as a shallow trenchisolation (STI) structure.

A front-end-of-line (FEOL) structure 120 is formed on the substrate 110.

The FEOL structure 120 includes a plurality of individual devices 122that are of various types, and an interlayer insulating film 124. Theplurality of individual devices 122 may include various microelectronicdevices, such as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor(MOSFET), a complementary metal-insulator-semiconductor (CMOS)transistor, a large scale integration (LSI) system, an image sensor suchas a CMOS imaging sensor (CIS), a micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS), an active device, and a passive device. The plurality ofindividual devices 122 may be electrically connected to the conductiveregion of the substrate 110. Furthermore, the plurality of individualdevices 122 may be electrically isolated from one another due to theinterlayer insulating film 124.

An etch-stop layer 126 is formed on the FEOL structure 120. In someembodiments, the interlayer insulating film 124 is an oxide film and theetch-stop layer 126 is formed of a nitride film, however, embodiments ofthe present inventive concept are not limited thereto.

In the MC region, a back-end-of-line (BEOL) structure 130 is formed onthe etch-stop layer 126 that is formed on the FEOL structure 120. TheBEOL structure 130 includes an intermetal insulating film 132 and aplurality of first multi-layer wiring structures 140. The plurality offirst multi-layer wiring structures 140 include a plurality of firstwiring layers 142 that are spaced apart from one another to verticallyoverlap with one another, and a plurality of first contact plugs 144that are disposed between the plurality of first wiring layers 142 andconnect the plurality of first wiring layers 142.

In the TSV region, a TSV landing pad 150 having a multi-layer structureis formed on the etch-stop layer 126 that is formed on the FEOLstructure 120.

The TSV landing pad 150 has a multi-layer structure that is formed onthe substrate 110 at the same level as those of at least two layersselected from the plurality of first wiring layers 142, the plurality offirst contact plugs 144, or a combination thereof that have differentdistances from the substrate 110 from among the first multi-layer wiringstructures 140, and is formed of the same material as those of the atleast two layers.

FIG. 2A illustrates a case where the TSV landing pad 150 includes afirst pad layer 152 that is formed at the same level as that of any onefirst wiring layer 142 from among the plurality of first wiring layers142 constituting the plurality of first multi-layer wiring structures140, and a second pad layer 154 that is formed at the same level as thatof at least one first contact plug 144 from among the plurality of firstcontact plugs 144 and contacts the first pad layer 152. Furthermore,FIG. 2A illustrates that the TSV landing pad 150 has a two-layerstructure including the first pad layer 152 and the second pad layer154, the first pad layer 152 is formed at the same level as that of afirst wiring layer M1 that is formed at a lowest level from among theplurality of first wiring layers 142 that are formed in the MC region,and the second pad layer 154 is formed at the same level as that of afirst contact plug C1 that is directly formed on the first wiring layerM1 that is formed at a lowest level from among the plurality of firstcontact plugs 144 that are formed in the MC region.

However, the inventive concept is not limited thereto. For example, theTSV landing pad 150 may have a multi-layer structure in which at leastthree conductive layers are sequentially stacked, which will bediscussed further below with respect to FIGS. 3A, 5A, and 5B.

Referring now to FIG. 2A, as illustrated therein the first pad layer 152and the second pad layer 154 of the TSV landing pad 150 have differentwidths in a direction parallel to a main surface extension direction(for example, an X direction) of the substrate 110, and a width of thefirst pad layer 152 is greater than a width of the second pad layer 154.However, it will be understood that the inventive concept is not limitedthereto. In some embodiments, the first pad layer 152 and the second padlayer 154 of the TSV landing pad 150 have substantially the same widthin the direction parallel to the main surface extension direction (forexample, the X direction) of the substrate 110, which will be discussedbelow with reference to FIG. 5B. Alternatively, a width of the first padlayer 152 may be less than a width of the second pad layer 154.

In the TSV region, a second multi-layer wiring structure 170 is formedon the TSV landing pad 150. The second multi-layer wiring structure 170includes a plurality of second wiring layers 172 that are formed atdifferent levels to be spaced apart from one another, and a plurality ofsecond contact plugs 174 that are disposed between the plurality ofsecond wiring layers 172 and connect the plurality of second wiringlayers 172. The second multi-layer wiring structure 170 further includesa plurality of second contact plugs 176 that are connected between anyone second wiring layer 172 from among the plurality of second wiringlayers 172, for example, a second wiring layer TM1 that is formed at alowest level from among the plurality of second wiring layers 172, andthe TSV landing pad 150, and are spaced apart from one another.

Each of the plurality of first wiring layers 142 and the plurality offirst contact plugs 144 constituting the first multi-layer wiringstructures 140, the plurality of second wiring layers 172 and theplurality of second contact plugs 174 constituting the secondmulti-layer wiring structure 170, and the first pad layer 152 and thesecond pad layer 154 constituting the TSV landing pad 150 may be formedof copper (Cu), tungsten (W), WN, tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), TaN,TiN, cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), AIN, or a combinationthereof.

In the TSV region, a TSV structure 180 passes through the substrate 110,the interlayer insulating film 124, and the etch-stop layer 126, and isconnected to the TSV landing pad 150.

The TSV structure 180 may correspond to the TSV structure 30 of FIG. 1.The TSV structure 180 may include a conductive plug 182, and aconductive barrier film 184 that surrounds the conductive plug 182. Insome embodiments, the conductive plug 182 includes Cu or W. For example,the conductive plug 182 may be formed of, but is not limited to, Cu,CuSn, CuMg, CuNi, CuZn, CuPd, CuAu, CuRe, CuW, W, or a W alloy. Theconductive barrier film 184 may be a single-layer film or a multi-layerfilm including at least one material selected from the group of W, WN,WC, Ti, TiN, Ta, TaN, ruthenium (Ru), Co, Mn, WN, nickel (Ni), and NiB.

The TSV structure 180 is surrounded by a via insulating film 186 thatpasses through the substrate 110, the interlayer insulating film 124,and the etch-stop layer 126. The TSV structure 180 may be spaced apartfrom the substrate 110, the interlayer insulating film 124, and theetch-stop layer 126 due to the via insulating film 186.

The via insulating film 186 may be an oxide film, a nitride film, acarbide film, a polymer film, or a combination thereof. The viainsulating film 186 may have a cylindrical shape that surrounds the TSVstructure 180. In some embodiments, the via insulating film 186 isformed to have a thickness ranging from, but is not limited to, about500 Å to about 2500 Å.

The TSV structure 180 and the via insulating film 186 are formed in avia hole H that passes through the substrate 110, the interlayerinsulating film 124, and the etch-stop layer 126.

Referring now to FIG. 2B, a plan view illustrating the TSV landing pad150, the TSV structure 180, and the via insulating film 186 of FIG. 2Awill be discussed. As illustrated in FIG. 2B, in the direction (forexample, the X direction of FIGS. 2A and 2B) parallel to the mainsurface extension direction of the substrate 110, a width WB1 of the viahole H is less than a width WA1 of the TSV landing pad 150. The via holeH is formed to have the width WB1 that is less than a width WA2 of thesecond pad layer 154 within an area where the second pad layer 154 ofthe TSV landing pad 150 is formed.

The TSV landing pad 150 may be formed to have the width WB1 that is lessthan the width WA1 of the TSV landing pad 150 in a second area that isincluded in a first area where the TSV landing pad 150 is formed.Accordingly, the TSV structure 180 formed in the via hole H may beformed to have a width WB2 that is less than the width WB1 of the viahole H and the width WA1 of the TSV landing pad 150 and to be connectedto the TSV landing pad 150 in a third area that is included in the firstarea and the second area.

In the direction (for example, the X direction of FIGS. 2A and 2B)parallel to the main surface extension direction of the substrate 110,the width WA1 of the first pad layer 152 and the width WA2 of the secondpad layer 154 are different from each other. Although the width WA1 ofthe first pad layer 152 is greater than the width WA2 of the second padlayer 154 in FIG. 2B, the inventive concept is not limited thereto.

Referring back to FIG. 2A, in the direction (for example, the Xdirection of FIGS. 2A and 2B) parallel to the main surface extensiondirection of the substrate 110, the width WA2 of the second pad layer154 is greater than a width WC1 of the first contact plug C1 that isformed at the same level as that of the second pad layer 154 in the MCregion.

A recessed surface 150R that communicates with the via hole H may beformed on a bottom surface of the TSV landing pad 150. In someembodiments, the recessed surface 150R is formed due to overetching whenthe via hole H is formed in a resultant structure including the TSVlanding pad 150. Alternatively, the recessed surface 150R may not beformed on the TSV landing pad 150.

The TSV structure 180 has a top surface 180T that contacts the TSVlanding pad 150. In some embodiments, all portions of the top surface180T of the TSV structure 180 contact the TSV landing pad 150.Alternatively, only a portion of the top surface 180T of the TSVstructure 180 may contact the TSV landing pad 150. In these embodiments,a portion of the top surface 180T of the TSV structure 180 which doesnot contact the TSV landing pad 150 may contact a part of the intermetalinsulating film 132, which will be explained below in detail withreference to FIGS. 4A through 4D.

Referring to FIG. 2C, an enlarged cross-section for explaining the TSVlanding pad 150 of FIG. 2A will be discussed. As illustrated FIG. 2C,the first pad layer 152 includes a first metal layer 152A, and a firstconductive barrier film 152B that surrounds a bottom surface and a sidewall of the first metal layer 152A. The second pad layer 154 includes asecond metal layer 154A, and a second conductive barrier film 154B thatsurrounds a bottom surface and a side wall of the second metal layer154A.

In some embodiments, each of the first metal layer 152A and the secondmetal layer 154A is formed of Cu, W, Ta, Ti, Co, Mn, Al, or acombination thereof. In some embodiments, each of the first conductivebarrier film 152B and the second conductive barrier film 154B is formedof a metal or a conductive metal nitride, for example, Ta, Ti, TaN, TiN,AlN, WN, or a combination thereof.

Each of the plurality of first wiring layers 142 constituting the firstmulti-layer wiring structures 140 and the plurality of second wiringlayers 172 constituting the second multi-layer wiring structure 170 ofFIG. 2A may include a metal layer that is formed of the same material asthat of the first metal layer 152A, and a conductive barrier film thatsurrounds a bottom surface and a side wall of the metal layer and isformed of the same material as that of the first conductive barrier film152B, like the first pad layer 152 described with reference to FIG. 2C.

Each of the plurality of first contact plugs 144 constituting the firstmulti-layer wiring structures 140 and the plurality of second contactplugs 174 constituting the second multi-layer wiring structure 170 mayinclude a metal layer that is formed of the same material as that of thesecond metal layer 154A, and a conductive barrier film that surrounds abottom surface and a side wall of the metal layer and is formed of thesame material as that of the second conductive barrier film 154B, likethe second pad layer 154 described with reference to FIG. 2C.

Referring back to FIG. 2A, a contact pad 179 is formed on the intermetalinsulating film 132, and a passivation layer 183 and a plurality ofbumps 185 are formed on the BEOL structure 130. Although one contact pad179 is illustrated in FIG. 2A, a plurality of contact pads similar tothe contact pad 179 may be further formed on the BEOL structure 130.

Although each of the bumps 185 has a stacked structure in which a firstmetal layer 185A and a second metal layer 185B are stacked, theinventive concept is not limited thereto, and the bump 185 may have anyof various other structures.

Referring to FIG. 3A, a cross-section for explaining an IC device 200according to some embodiments of the inventive concept will bediscussed. In FIG. 3A, the same elements as those in FIG. 2A are denotedby the same reference numerals and, therefore, details thereof will notbe repeated in the interest of brevity.

Referring to FIG. 3A, in the IC device 200, a TSV landing pad 250 issubstantially the same as the TSV landing pad 150 of FIG. 2A. However,the TSV landing pad 250 further includes a third pad layer 256 that isconnected to the second pad layer 154 to vertically overlap with thefirst pad layer 152 and is formed at the same level as that of a firstwiring layer M2 from among the plurality of first wiring layers 142.

Referring to FIG. 3B, a plan view illustrating the TSV landing pad 250,the TSV structure 180, and the via insulating film 186 of FIG. 3A willbe discussed. In FIG. 3B, the same elements as those in FIG. 2B aredenoted by the same reference numerals and, therefore, details thereofwill not be repeated herein in the interest of brevity.

Referring to FIG. 3B, in the direction (for example, the X direction ofFIGS. 3A and 3B) parallel to the main surface extension direction of thesubstrate 110, a width WA3 of the third pad layer 256 of the TSV landingpad 250 is less than the width WA2 of the second pad layer 154.

The via hole H is formed to have the width WB 1 that is less than thewidth WA3 of the third pad layer 256 within an area where the third padlayer 256 of the TSV landing pad 250 is formed.

The third pad layer 256 may include a metal layer that is formed of thesame material as that of the first metal layer 152A, and a conductivebarrier film that surrounds a bottom surface and a side wall of themetal layer and is formed of the same material as that of the firstconductive barrier film 152B, like the first pad layer 152 discussedabove with reference to FIG. 2C.

In the direction (for example, the X direction of FIGS. 3A and 3B)parallel to the main surface extension direction of the substrate 110,the width WA1 of the first pad layer 152, the width WA2 of the secondpad layer 154, and the width WA3 of the third pad layer 256 aredifferent from one another. In FIG. 3B, widths of the first, second, andthird pad layers 152, 154, and 256 constituting the TSV landing pad 250decrease farther away from the substrate 110. However, according to thepresent embodiment, the first, second and third pad layers 152, 154, and256 may have various widths. For example, widths of the first, second,and third pad layers 152, 154, and 256 may increase farther away fromthe substrate 110. Alternatively, widths of the first, second, and thirdpad layers 152, 154, and 256 may be the same, or may be irregularlydifferent from one another. The TSV landing pad 250 is connected to thesecond multi-layer wiring structure 170 through a plurality of secondcontact plugs 276.

FIGS. 4A through 4B illustrate plan views illustrating landing padlayers 372, 374, 376, and 378 that may be used instead of at least onepad layer from among the first pad layer 152, the second pad layer 154,and the third pad layer 256 constituting the TSV landing pad 150 of FIG.2A or the TSV landing pad 250 of FIG. 3A, In FIGS. 4A through 4D, boththe TSV structure 180 and the via insulating film 186 (see FIGS. 2A and3A) are illustrated.

As illustrated in FIGS. 4A through 4D, a landing pad layer having any ofvarious planar structures may be used as at least one pad layer fromamong the first pad layer 152, the second pad layer 154, and the thirdpad layer 256 of FIGS. 2A and 3A.

In particular, at least one of the first pad layer 152, the second padlayer 154, and the third pad layer 256 of FIGS. 2A and 3A may have thesame structure as that of the landing pad layer 372 including acontinuous conductive layer that continuously extends as shown in FIG.4A.

When the first pad layer 152 of FIGS. 2A and 3A has the same structureas that of the landing pad layer 372 of FIG. 4A, all portions of the topsurface 180T of the TSV structure 180 may contact the TSV landing pad150 or the TSV landing pad 250.

Although the landing pad layer 372 has a hexagonal planar shape in FIG.4A, it will be understood that embodiments of the inventive concept arenot limited thereto. For example, the landing pad layer 372 may have anyof various shapes such as a circular shape, an oval shape, a triangularshape, or a quadrangular shape without departing from the scope of thepresent inventive concept.

Alternatively, at least one of the first pad layer 152, the second padlayer 154, and the third pad layer 256 of FIGS. 2A and 3A may have thesame structure as that of the landing pad layer 374 having a mesh-likeplanar shape as shown in FIG. 4B.

Although the landing pad layer 374 has a quadrangular planar shape inFIG. 4B, it will be understood that embodiments of the inventive conceptis not limited thereto. For example, the landing pad layer 374 may haveany one shape selected from the group of a circular shape, an ovalshape, and various polygonal shapes without departing from the scope ofthe inventive concept.

Alternatively, at least one of the first pad layer 152, the second padlayer 154, and the third pad layer 256 of FIGS. 2A and 3A may have thesame structure as that of the landing pad layer 376 having a planarshape consisting of a plurality of line patterns that are spaced apartfrom one another as shown in FIG. 4C.

Alternatively, at least one of the first pad layer 152, the second padlayer 154, and the third pad layer 256 of FIGS. 2A and 3A may have thesame structure as that of the landing pad layer 378 having a planarshape consisting of a plurality of islands that are spaced apart fromone another as shown in FIG. 4D.

When the first pad layer 152 of FIGS. 2A and 3A has the same structureas that of any one landing pad layer from among the landing pad layers374, 376, and 378 of FIGS. 4B through 4D, only a part of the top surface180T (see FIGS. 2A and 3A) of the TSV structure 180 may contact thelanding pad layers 374, 376, and 378. In these embodiments, a portion ofthe top surface 180T of the TSV structure 180 which does not contact thelanding pad layers 374, 376, and 378 may contact a part of theintermetal insulating film 132 (see FIGS. 2A and 3A).

When the TSV landing pad 150 having a double-layer structure as shown inFIG. 2A is used, the first pad layer 152 and the second pad layer 154 ofthe TSV landing pad 150 may have different structures selected fromthose of the landing pad layers 372, 374, 376, and 378 of FIGS. 4Athrough 4D. Alternatively, when the TSV landing pad 250 having athree-layer structure as shown in FIG. 3A is used, at least some of thefirst pad layer 152, the second pad layer 154, and the third pad layer256 of the TSV landing pad 250 may have different structures selectedfrom those of the landing pad layers 372, 374, 376, and 378 of FIGS. 4Athrough 4D.

When any one structure from among those of the landing pad layers 374,376, and 378 having a discontinuous planar shape including portions thatare not continued as shown in FIGS. 4B through 4D is used for at least apart of the TSV landing pad 150 of FIG. 2A or the TSV landing pad 250 ofFIG. 3A, the likelihood of a problem, which may occur when the TSVlanding pad 150 or the TSV landing pad 250 comes off from a lowerstructure or is separated from the TSV structure 180 that is disposedunder the TSV landing pad 150 or the TSV landing pad 250 due to physicalstress applied to the TSV landing pad 150 or the TSV landing pad 250,thus leading to poor contact, may be reduced, or possibly prevented.

Referring to FIG. 5A, a cross-section for explaining an IC device 300Aaccording to some embodiments of the inventive concept will bediscussed. As illustrated in FIG. 5A, the same elements as those inFIGS. 2A and 3A are denoted by the same reference numerals and,therefore, details with respect to these embodiments will not berepeated herein.

Referring to FIG. 5A, a TSV landing pad 350 of the IC device 300A issubstantially the same as the TSV landing pad 250 of FIG. 3A. However,the TSV landing pad 350 has a three-layer structure including a firstpad layer 352, a second pad layer 354, and a third pad layer 326. Thefirst pad layer 352 is formed at the same level as that of the firstwiring layer M2 that is farther from the substrate 110 than the firstwiring layer M1 that is formed at the lowest level from among theplurality of first wiring layers 142 that are formed in the MC region.The second pad layer 354 is formed at the same level as that of a firstcontact plug C2 that is directly formed on the first wiring layer M2 .The third pad layer 356 is formed at the same level as that of a firstwiring layer M3 that is directly formed on the first contact plug C2from among the plurality of first wiring layers 142.

The TSV landing pad 350 is connected to the second multi-layer wiringstructure 170 through a plurality of second contact plugs 376.

The description of the first, second, and third pad layers 152, 154, and256 of the TSV landing pad 250 made with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3Bapplies to the first, second, and third pad layers 352, 354, and 356,respectively, of the TSV landing pad 350.

In the TSV region, a TSV structure 380 is connected to the TSV landingpad 350 in a via hole H3 that passes through a part of the substrate110, the interlayer insulating film 124, the etch-stop layer 126, andthe intermetal insulating film 132. The TSV structure 380 may include aconductive plug 382, and a conductive barrier film 384 that surroundsthe conductive plug 382. The TSV structure 380 is surrounded by a viainsulating film 386.

A recessed surface 350R that communicates with the via hole H3 is formedon a bottom surface of the TSV landing pad 350. The recessed surface350R may be formed due to over-etching when the via hole H3 is formed ina resultant structure including the TSV landing pad 150. Alternatively,the recessed surface 350R may not be formed on the TSV landing pad 350.The TSV structure 380 has a top surface 380T that contacts the TSVlanding pad 350. At least a part of the top surface 380T of the TSVstructure 380 may contact the TSV landing pad 350.

The description of the TSV structure 150 and the via insulating film 186made with reference to FIG. 2A applies to the TSV structure 380 and thevia insulating film 386.

Referring to FIG. 5B, a cross-section of an IC device 300B according tosome embodiments of the inventive concept will be discussed. Asillustrated in FIG. 5B, the same elements as those in FIGS. 2A and 3Aare denoted by the same reference numerals and, therefore, detailsthereof will not be repeated herein in the interest of brevity.

Referring to FIG. 5B, in the IC device 300B, a TSV landing pad 450 issubstantially the same as the TSV landing pad 250 of FIG. 3A. However,the TSV landing pad 450 has a three-layer structure including the firstpad layer 152, a second pad layer 454, and a third pad layer 456. Thesecond pad layer 454 and the third pad layer 456 have substantially thesame width as that of the first pad layer 152 in the direction (forexample, the X direction of FIG. 5B) parallel to the main surfaceextension direction of the substrate 110.

The description of the second pad layer 154 and the third pad layer 256made with reference to FIG. 3A also applies to the second pad layer 454and the third pad layer 456, and thus a detailed explanation of thesecond pad layer 454 and the third pad layer 456 will not be given.

FIGS. 6A through 6L are cross-sections illustrating processing steps inthe fabrication of IC devices 400 (see FIG. 6L) according to someembodiments of the inventive concept. The IC device 400 of FIG. 6L issimilar to the IC device 100 of FIG. 2A. In FIGS. 6A through 6L, thesame elements as those in FIG. 2A are denoted by the same referencenumerals, and a detailed explanation thereof will not be given in orderto avoid a repeated explanation.

Referring to FIG. 6A, the FEOL structure 120 is formed on the substrate110 having the MC region and the TSV region. The FEOL structure 120includes the plurality of individual devices 122 that are of varioustypes, and the interlayer insulating film 124.

Referring to FIG. 6B, in the MC region and the TSV region, the etch-stoplayer 126 is formed on the interlayer insulating film 124. An intermetalinsulating film 662 and a polish-stop layer 664 are sequentially formedon the etch-stop layer 126, and are patterned to form a plurality ofmetal wiring holes 162H1 and 162H2 in the MC region and the TSV region.

The metal wiring holes 162H1 that are formed in the MC region from amongthe metal wiring holes 162H1 and 162H2 are for forming a plurality offirst multi-layer wiring structures in the MC region, and the metalwiring hole 162H2 that is formed in the TSV region is for forming a TSVlanding pad in the TSV region.

The etch-stop layer 126 may be used as an etch stopper when thepolish-stop layer 664 and the intermetal insulating film 662 are etchedin order to form the metal wiring holes 162H1 and 162H2. Alternatively,the etch-stop layer 126 may be omitted. When the etch-stop layer 126 isomitted, the intermetal insulating film 662 may be directly formed onthe interlayer insulating film 124.

Although the intermetal insulating film 662 may be formed oftetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate (TEOS) and the polish-stop layer 664 may beformed of a silicon oxynitride film, the inventive concept is notlimited thereto. Thicknesses of the intermetal insulating film 662 andthe polish-stop layer 664 may be arbitrarily determined as desired.

Referring to FIG. 6C, a first metal wiring layer 642 is formed in eachof the metal wiring holes 162H in the MC region, and a first pad layer652 is formed in the metal wiring hole 162H2 in the TSV region.

The first metal wiring layer 642 that is formed in the MC regionincludes a metal layer 642A, and a conductive barrier film 642B thatsurrounds a bottom surface and a side wall of the metal layer 642A.

The first pad layer 652 that is formed in the TSV region includes ametal layer 652A, and a conductive barrier film 652B that surrounds abottom surface and a side wall of the metal layer 652A.

In order to form the first metal wiring layer 642 and the first padlayer 652, a first film for forming the conductive barrier films 642Band 652B and a second film for forming the metal layers 642A and 652Aare sequentially formed in the plurality of metal wiring holes 162H1 and162H2 and the polish-stop layer 664 (see FIG. 6B), and then a resultantstructure including the first film and the second film is polished byusing chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) by using the polish-stop layer664 (see FIG. 6B) as a stopper. The polishing may be performed until thepolish-stop layer 664 is removed and the intermetal insulating film 662is exposed. As a result, the first metal wiring layer 642 remains ineach of the metal wiring holes 162H1 in the MC region, and the first padlayer 652 remains in the metal wiring hole 162H2 in the TSV region.

Each of the metal layers 642A and 652A may be formed of Cu, W, Ta, Ti,Co, Mn, Al, or a combination thereof. Each of the conductive barrierfilms 642B and 652B may be formed of a metal or a conductive metalnitride, for example, Ta, Ti, TaN, TiN, AIN, WN, or a combinationthereof.

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) may be used in order to form theconductive barrier films 642B and 652B. Each of the conductive barrierfilms 642B and 652B may be formed to have a thickness ranging from about1000 Å to about 1500 Å.

Each of the metal layers 642A and 652A may be formed of a Cu film thatis formed by using electroplating. In these embodiments, in order toform the metal layers 642A and 652A, a Cu seed layer may be formed onsurfaces of the conductive barrier films 642B and 652B, a Cu layer maybe grown from the Cu seed layer by using electroplating, and a resultantstructure including the Cu layer may be annealed. Each of the firstmetal wiring layer 642 and the first pad layer 652 may be formed to havea thickness of at least 30 nm.

Referring to FIG. 6D, a first contact plug 644 is formed on the firstmetal wiring layer 642 in the MC region and a second pad layer 654 isformed on the first pad layer 652 in the TSV region by using a processsimilar to a process of forming the first metal wiring layer 642 and thefirst pad layer 652 described with reference to FIGS. 6B and 6C.

The first contact plug 644 formed in the MC region may correspond to thefirst contact plug C1 of FIG. 2A. The second pad layer 654 formed in theTSV region is formed at the same level as that of the first contact plug644. The second pad layer 654 may correspond to the second pad layer 154of FIG. 2A.

By alternately repeatedly performing a process of forming a plurality ofcontact plugs and a process of forming a plurality of metal wiringlayers by using a method similar to that described with reference toFIGS. 6B and 6C, a plurality of first multi-layer wiring structures 640each including a plurality of the first metal wiring layers 642 and aplurality of the first contact plugs 644 is formed in the MC region, anda TSV landing pad 650 including the first pad layer 652 and the secondpad layer 654, and a second multi-layer wiring structure 670 that isconnected to the TSV landing pad 650 are formed in the TSV region,thereby completing a BEOL structure 630.

In the TSV region, the second multi-layer wiring structure 670 includesa plurality of second metal wiring layers 672, and a plurality of secondcontact plugs 674 that are disposed between the plurality of secondmetal wiring layers 672 and connect the plurality of second metal wiringlayers 672. The TSV landing pad 650 is connected to the secondmulti-layer wiring structure 670 through a plurality of second contactplugs 676.

The first pad layer 652 and the second pad layer 654 constituting theTSV landing pad 650 may correspond to the first pad layer 152 and thesecond pad layer 154 of FIG. 2A.

When the first multi-layer wiring structures 640 and the secondmulti-layer wiring structure 670 are formed, other multi-layer wiringpatterns that include contact plugs and metal wiring layers that areformed at the same time as at least some selected from the plurality offirst metal wiring layers 642 and the first contact plugs 644 may beformed in other portions of the substrate 110. As a result, the BEOLstructure 630 including the intermetal insulating film 662 and theplurality of multi-layer wiring patterns that have portions insulated bythe intermetal insulating film 662 may be obtained on the FEOL structure120.

The intermetal insulating film 662 functions to space metal wiringlayers constituting the second multi-layer wiring structure 670 apartfrom the plurality of first multi-layer wiring structures 640.

Although each of the plurality of first multi-layer wiring structures640 includes the first metal wiring layers 642 having 5 layers and thefirst contact plugs 644 having 4 layers that have different distancesfrom the substrate 110, and the second multi-layer wiring structure 670includes the second metal wiring layers 672 having 3 layers and thesecond contact plugs 674 having 4 layers in FIG. 6D for simplicity ofexplanation, the inventive concept is not limited thereto. Also, aconnection structure between the plurality of first multi-layer wiringstructures 640 and the second multi-layer wiring structure 670 of FIG.6D is exemplary, and the scope of the inventive concept is not limitedto the connection structure of FIG. 6D.

Each of the plurality of first metal wiring layers 642 and the pluralityof first contact plugs 644 constituting, the plurality of firstmulti-layer wiring structures 640 in the MC region, the first pad layer652 and the second pad layer 654 constituting the TSV landing pad 650 inthe TSV region, and the plurality of second metal wiring layers 672 andthe plurality of second contact plugs 674 and 676 constituting thesecond multi-layer wiring structure 670 in the TSV region may include atleast one metal selected from the group of W, Al, and Cu.

The BEOL structure 630 may be formed to include a plurality of wiringstructures for connecting individual devices that are formed in the FEOLstructure 120 to other wirings that are formed on the substrate 110. TheBEOL structure 630 may be formed to further include a seal ring forprotecting the wiring structures and other lower structures fromexternal impact or moisture.

Referring to FIG. 6E, the contact pad 179 that is electrically connectedto the second multi-layer wiring structure 670 is formed on theintermetal insulating film 662. The contact pad 179 may be formed of,for example, Al. A plurality of contact pads that are formed at the samelevel as that of the contact pad 179 may be formed on the intermetalinsulating film 662.

Referring to FIG. 6F, the passivation layer 183 through which a part ofthe contact pad 179 is exposed is formed on the BEOL structure 630. Thepassivation layer 183 may be formed of, for example, polyimide or asilicon nitride film.

The plurality of bumps 185 that are electrically connected to aplurality of the contact pads 179 that are exposed through thepassivation layer 183 are formed.

Each of the plurality of bumps 185 has a stacked structure including thefirst metal layer 185A and the second metal layer 185B. In someembodiments, the first metal layer 185A is formed of Cu, Ni, or an alloythereof. In some embodiments, the second metal layer 185B is formed oftin (Sn), silver (Ag), lead (Pb), gold (Au), Cu, bismuth (Bi), or analloy thereof. For example, the second metal layer 185B may be formed ofan alloy of Sn and Ag. The first metal layer 185A and the second metallayer 185B may be formed by sequentially performing electroplating andreflow.

The plurality of bumps 185 may further include a seed layer (not shown)that is disposed between the contact pad 179 and the first metal layer185A. The seed layer may have a stacked structure formed of Ti/Cu orTiW/Cu. The seed layer may be used in order to form the first metallayer 185A by using electroplating.

Referring to FIG. 6G, an adhesive coating layer 186 is applied to asurface of the substrate 110 including the plurality of bumps 185, andthe substrate 110 including the plurality of bumps 185 is mounted on awafer support substrate 188 by using the adhesive coating layer 186 asan adhesive material.

A backlapped back side 110D is exposed by performing backlapping to apredetermined thickness on a bottom surface of the substrate 110 whichis opposite to a side of the substrate 110 that is covered by the wafersupport substrate 188.

Referring to FIG. 6H, a hard mask layer 622 is formed on the back side110D of the substrate 110, and then a mask pattern 624 is formed on thehard mask layer 622. At least one hole 624H through which a part of atop surface of the hard mask layer 622 is exposed is formed in the maskpattern 624 in the TSV region.

The hard mask layer 622 may be formed of, for example, a silicon nitridefilm. The hard mask layer 622 may be formed to have a thickness rangingfrom about 200 Å to about 1000 Å. The mask pattern 624 may be formed of,for example, a photoresist material.

Referring to FIG. 6I, a hard mask pattern 622P is formed by etching thehard mask layer 622 by using the mask pattern 624 (see FIG. 6H) as anetching mask, and the via hole H through which the TSV landing pad 650is exposed is formed by etching the substrate 110 by using the maskpattern 624 and the hard mask pattern 622P as an etching mask. The viahole H extends by passing through the substrate 110, the interlayerinsulating film 124 of the FEOL structure 120, and the etch-stop layer126.

Anisotropic etching or laser drilling may be used in order to form thevia hole H. A part of the TSV landing pad 650 may be etched due tooveretching during an etching process for forming the via hole H, toexpose a recessed surface 650R of the TSV landing pad 650 through abottom surface of the via hole H. A width and a depth of the via hole Hare not limited to those in FIG. 6I, and may be any of various sizes asdesired.

One of important things to consider in a process of forming the via holeH is that when the via hole H is formed to pass through the substrate110 that has a thickness of tens of μm, the interlayer insulating film124 of the FEOL structure 120 that is formed on the substrate 110, andthe etch-stop layer 126, it is necessary to control the amount of thesubstrate 110, the interlayer insulating film 124, and the etch-stoplayer 126 that are etched in order to expose the TSV landing pad 650through a plurality of the via holes H that are formed over all portionsof the substrate 110. However, after an etching process for forming theplurality of via holes H from the back side 110D of the substrate 110 isperformed, at least parts of the substrate 110, the interlayerinsulating film 124, and the etch-stop layer 126 may not be removed andmay remain on the TSV landing pad 650 that is exposed through theplurality of via holes H, and thus may have different thicknesses on thesubstrate 110. As a result, there may exist a portion of the TSV landingpad 650 which is not exposed through the via holes H. For example, whena thickness variation reaches several to tens of μm, the TSV landing pad650 and conductive landing pads that are formed at different positionsto correspond to the TSV landing pad 650 may need to be overetched untilthe TSV landing pad 650 and the conductive landing pads are exposedthrough all of the via holes H. In these embodiments, if a thickness ofa TSV landing pad which needs to be exposed through a via hole H isrelatively small, the via hole H may be formed by passing through theTSV landing pad due to the overetching, and thus the TSV landing pad mayfail to perform its own function. In particular, as an IC device getssmaller and thinner and wirings get thinner, a technical difficulty of aprocess of forming the via hole H through which the TSV landing pad isexposed greatly increases.

According to some embodiments of the present inventive concept, however,the TSV landing pad 650 has a stacked structure including the first padlayer 652 and the second pad layer 654 that are formed at the same timeas the first multi-layer wiring structures 640 is formed in the MCregion. Accordingly, a total thickness of the TSV landing pad 650 may besufficiently large for the TSV landing pad 650 to remain without beingremoved even during overetching for exposing the TSV landing pad 650when the via holes H are formed. For example, the TSV landing pad 650may be formed to have a relatively large thickness of at least 100 nm,for example, a thickness ranging from about 100 nm to about 500 nm.Accordingly, even when overetching is performed until the TSV landingpad 650 is exposed through all of the via holes H that are formed in thesubstrate 110 during an etching process for forming the via holes H,deformation great enough to substantially affect the function of the TSVlanding pad 650 does not occur. Accordingly, a problem caused by avariation during an etching process, which may occur when the pluralityof via holes H is formed in the substrate 110, may be reduced orpossibly prevented.

After each of the via holes H is formed in a process of FIG. 6I, a topsurface of the hard mask pattern 622P is exposed by removing the maskpattern 624 (see FIG. 6H).

Referring to FIG. 6J, the via insulating film 186 that covers an innerside wall of the via hole H is formed. In order to form the viainsulating film 186, an insulating film that covers an inner wall of thevia hole H and the back side 110D of the substrate 110 may be formed byusing chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and then a portion of theinsulating film may be removed to expose the TSV landing pad 650 in thevia hole H. Anisotropic ion etching may be used in order to remove theportion of the insulating film. The via insulating film 186 may be asilicon oxide film.

Referring to FIG. 6K, the conductive barrier film 184 is formed in thevia hole H, and a TSV forming conductive layer 182P is formed on theconductive barrier film 184. The conductive barrier film 184 is formedto cover the via insulating film 186 and the TSV landing pad 650 thatare exposed in the via hole H. In FIG. 6K, the conductive barrier film184 is formed on the hard mask pattern 622P to extend to the outside ofthe via hole H. However, it will be understood that embodiments of theinventive concept are not limited thereto. For example, the conductivebarrier film 184 may be formed only in the via hole H. Also, theconductive barrier film 184 is formed to cover a top surface of the TSVlanding pad 650 in FIG. 6K. However, the inventive concept is notlimited thereto. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the topsurface of the TSV landing pad 650 may not be covered by the conductivebarrier film 184. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2A, the conductivebarrier film 184 may be formed only on a side wall of the via insulatingfilm 186 which is exposed in the via hole H.

In order to form the TSV forming conductive layer 182P, a seed layer maybe first formed on the conductive barrier film 184. The seed layer maybe formed to cover the conductive barrier film 184 inside and outsidethe via hole H. The seed layer may have a stacked structure formed ofTa/Cu or Ti/Cu. The seed layer may be formed by using PVD. The TSVforming conductive layer 182P may be formed by using electroplatingusing the seed layer. The TSV forming conductive layer 182P is formed onthe conductive barrier film 184 to have a thickness great enough to fillthe via hole H. In some embodiments, the TSV forming conductive layer182P is formed of Cu. For example, in order to form the TSV formingconductive layer 182P, a Cu film may be formed from a surface of theseed layer by using electroplating.

Alternatively, the TSV forming conductive layer 182P may be formed of Wor Al. In these embodiments, the seed layer may be omitted. For example,the TSV forming conductive layer 182P may be directly formed on theconductive barrier film 184 by using PVD.

Referring to FIG. 6L, a resultant structure including the TSV formingconductive layer 182P is polished until the back side 110D of thesubstrate 110 is exposed, so that the conductive barrier film 184 andthe TSV forming conductive layer 182P remain only in the via hole H. Asa result, the TSV structure 180 including the conductive plug 182 of theTSV forming conductive layer 182P which remains in the via hole H, andthe conductive barrier film 184 that surrounds the conductive plug 182is obtained.

Processing steps in the fabrication of IC devices 400 including the TSVlanding pad 650 having a similar structure to that of the TSV landingpad 150 of the IC device 100 of FIG. 2A has been described withreference to FIGS. 6A through 6L. The IC device 200 including the TSVlanding pad 250 of FIG. 3A, the IC device 300A including the TSV landingpad 350 of FIG. 5A, and the IC device 300B including the TSV landing pad450 of FIG. 5B may be easily formed by using processes described withreference to FIGS. 6A through 6L within the scope of the inventiveconcept, and thus details thereof will not be repeated herein in theinterest of brevity.

Referring to FIG. 7, a cross-section illustrating a portion of the ICdevice 1000 according to some embodiments of the inventive concept willbe discussed. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the IC device 1000 includes aplurality of semiconductor chips 1020 that are sequentially stacked on apackage substrate 1010. A control chip 1030 is connected to theplurality of semiconductor chips 1020. A stacked structure including theplurality of semiconductor chips 1020 and the control chip 1030 issealed by an encapsulant 1040 such as a thermosetting resin on thepackage substrate 1010. Although 6 semiconductor chips 1020 arevertically stacked in FIG. 7, the number of the semiconductor chips 1020and directions in which the semiconductor chips 1020 are stacked are notlimited thereto. The number of the semiconductor chips 1020 may be moreor less than 6 without departing from the scope of the inventiveconcept. The plurality of semiconductor chips 1020 may be disposed in ahorizontal direction on the package substrate 1010, or may be disposedin a combination of horizontal and vertical directions. The controlchips 1020 may be omitted.

The package substrate 1010 may be a flexible printed circuit board(PCB), a rigid PCB, or a combination thereof. The package substrate 1010includes an internal wiring 1012 and a connection terminal 1014. Theconnection terminal 1014 may be formed on one surface of the packagesubstrate 1010. Solder balls 1016 are formed on the other surface of thepackage substrate 1010. The connection terminal 1014 is electricallyconnected to the solder balls 1016 through the internal wiring 1012. Thesolder balls 1016 may be replaced by conductive bumps or a lead gridarray (LGA).

At least one of the plurality of semiconductor chips 1020 and thecontrol chip 1030 include at least one of the IC devices 10, 100, 200,300A, 300B, and 400 described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 6L.

TSV connection structures 1022 and 1032 of the plurality ofsemiconductor chips 1020 and the control chip 1030 may be electricallyconnected to the connection terminal 1014 of the package substrate 1010through a connection member 1050.

The plurality of semiconductor chips 1020 may include a system LSI, aflash memory, a dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), a staticrandom-access memory (SRAM), an electrically erasable programmableread-only memory (EEPROM), a parallel random-access memory (PRAM), amagnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM), or a resistiverandom-access memory (RRAM). The control chip 1030 may include logiccircuits such as a serializer/deserializer (SER/DES).

Referring to FIG. 8, a plan view illustrating portions of an IC device1100 according to some embodiments of the inventive concept will bediscussed. As illustrated therein, the IC device 1100 includes a modulesubstrate 1110, a control chip 1120 that is mounted on the modulesubstrate 1110, and a plurality of semiconductor packages 1130. Aplurality of input/output terminals 1150 are formed on the modulesubstrate 1110.

The plurality of semiconductor packages 1130 include at least one of theIC devices 10, 100, 200, 300A, 300B, and 400 described with reference toFIGS. 1 through 6L.

Referring now to FIG. 9, a block diagram illustrating portions of an ICdevice 1200 according to some embodiments of the present inventiveconcept will be discussed. The IC device 1200 includes a controller1210, an input/output device 1220, a memory 1230, and an interface 1240.The IC device 1200 may be a mobile system or a system that transmits orreceives information. The mobile system may be at least one of apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile computer, a web tablet, awireless phone, a mobile phone, a digital music player, and a memorycard. The controller 1210 may be a microprocessor, a digital signalprocessor, or a microcontroller.

The input/output device 1220 is used to input/output data of the ICdevice 1200. The IC device 1200 may be connected to an external device,for example, a personal computer (PC) or a network, by using theinput/output device 1220, and may exchange data with the externaldevice. In some embodiments, the input/output device 1220 is a keypad, akeyboard, or a display unit.

In some embodiments, the memory 1230 stores code and/or data foroperating the controller 1210. Alternatively, the memory 1230 storesdata processed by the controller 1210. At least one of the controller1210 and the memory 1230 includes at least one of the IC devices 10,100, 200, 300A, 300B, and 400 described with reference to FIGS. 1through 6L.

The interface 1240 functions as a path through which data is transmittedbetween the IC device 1200 and the external device. The controller 1210,the input/output device 1220, the memory 1230, and the interface 1240may communicate with one another via a bus 1250.

The IC device 1200 may be included in a mobile phone, an MP3 player, anavigation system, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a solid-statedisk (SSD), or a household appliance.

In an IC device according to some embodiments of the inventive concept,a TSV landing pad that is formed on a substrate to be connected to a TSVstructure that passes through the substrate has a multi-layer structurethat is formed on the substrate at the same level as at least two layersselected from a plurality of wiring layers, a plurality of contactplugs, or a combination thereof that have different distances from thesubstrate from among multi-layer wiring structures, and is formed of thesame material as those of the at least two layers. Since the TSV landingpad having the multi-layer structure has a relatively large thickness,the likelihood that a problem caused by a variation during an etchingprocess which may occur when a plurality of via holes that pass throughthe substrate are formed in order to form the TSV structure will occurmay be reduced or may possibly be prevented.

As briefly discussed above, some embodiments of the inventive conceptprovide integrated circuit (IC) devices having a reliable wiringconnection structure between a multi-layer wiring structure that isformed on a substrate and a through-silicon via (TSV) structure thatpasses through the substrate. Related fabrication methods are alsoprovided.

While the inventive concept has been particularly shown and describedwith reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understoodthat various changes in form and details may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An integrated circuit (IC) device comprising: afirst multi-layer wiring structure comprising a plurality of firstwiring layers in a first region of a substrate at different levels andspaced apart from one another, and a plurality of first contact plugsbetween the plurality of first wiring layers and configured connect theplurality of first wiring layers; a through-silicon via (TSV) landingpad comprising a first pad layer in a second region of the substrate ata same level as that of at least one first wiring layer from among theplurality of first wiring layers, and a second pad layer at a same levelas that of at least one first contact plug from among the plurality offirst contact plugs and configured to contact the first pad layer; asecond multi-layer wiring structure on the TSV landing pad; and a TSVstructure that passes through the substrate and is connected to thesecond multi-layer wiring structure through the TSV landing pad.
 2. TheIC device of claim 1, wherein a width of the second pad layer in adirection parallel to a main surface extension direction of thesubstrate is greater than a width of the at least one first contactplug.
 3. The IC device of claim 1, wherein a width of the first padlayer and a width of the second pad layer in a direction parallel to amain surface extension direction of the substrate are different fromeach other.
 4. The IC device of claim 1, wherein each of the first padlayer and the second pad layer comprises a metal layer and a conductivebarrier film that surrounds at least a portion of the metal layer. 5.The IC device of claim 1, wherein the TSV landing pad further comprisesa third pad layer that is connected to the second pad layer tovertically overlap the first pad layer and is formed at a same level asthat of any one first wiring layer from among the plurality of firstwiring layers.
 6. The IC device of claim 5, wherein a width of the thirdpad layer in a direction parallel to a main surface extension directionof the substrate is less than a width of the second pad layer.
 7. The ICdevice of claim 5, wherein the third pad layer comprises a metal layer,and a conductive barrier film that surrounds at least a portion of themetal layer.
 8. The IC device of claim 1, further comprising: aninsulating film in the second region between the substrate and the TSVlanding pad, wherein the TSV structure passes through the substrate andthe insulating film and is connected to the TSV landing pad.
 9. The ICdevice of claim 1, wherein the TSV landing pad extends in the secondregion of the substrate in a first area, wherein the TSV structure isconnected in the second region of the substrate to the TSV landing padin a second area that is included in the first area.
 10. The IC deviceof claim 1, wherein the TSV structure has a top surface that contactsthe TSV landing pad, wherein only a portion of the top surface contactsthe TSV landing pad.
 11. The IC device of claim 1, wherein at least aportion of the TSV landing pad has a mesh pattern.
 12. The IC device ofclaim 1, wherein at least a portion of the TSV landing pad has aplurality of patterns that are spaced apart from one another.
 13. The ICdevice of claim 1, wherein the second multi-layer wiring structurecomprises: a plurality of second wiring layers that are formed atdifferent levels and spaced apart from one another; and a plurality ofsecond contact plugs that are connected from any one second wiring layerfrom among the plurality of second wiring layers to the TSV landing padand are spaced apart from one another.
 14. An integrated circuit (IC)device comprising: a substrate including a memory cell array region anda through-silicon via (TSV) region; a multi-layer wiring structure onthe substrate in the memory cell array region; a TSV landing pad on thesubstrate in the TSV region, the TSV region having a multi-layerstructure; and a TSV structure that passes through the substrate in theTSV region and is connected to the TSV landing pad, wherein themulti-layer wiring structure comprises a plurality of first wiringlayers that are spaced apart from one another to vertically overlap withone another, and a plurality of contact plugs between the plurality offirst wiring layers and connect the plurality of first wiring layers,and wherein the TSV landing pad comprises a first pad layer on thesubstrate at a same level as that of at least one wiring layer fromamong the plurality of wiring layers, and a second pad layer at a samelevel as that of at least one contact plug from among the plurality ofcontact plugs and contacts the first pad layer.
 15. The IC device ofclaim 14, wherein each of the first pad layer and the second pad layerhas a width that is greater than a width of the TSV structure in adirection parallel to a main surface extension direction of thesubstrate.